What should be done first if a patient is unresponsive and not breathing?

In a situation where a patient is unresponsive and not breathing, the first step is to call for emergency assistance. This action is crucial because it ensures that professional medical help is on the way while you tend to the patient. Prompt activation of emergency medical services (EMS) can significantly improve outcomes, as timely intervention is essential in life-threatening situations.

After initiating this call, the next steps, such as checking for a pulse, beginning chest compressions, or providing rescue breaths, can be carried out. However, calling for assistance ensures that there is a backup in place for vital interventions that may be required once help arrives. Thus, prioritizing this action helps reinforce the emergency response chain, which is critical in situations involving cardiac arrest or similar emergencies.