Paramedic Medical Emergencies Practice Test

The scenario described indicates that the patient is likely experiencing hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, commonly associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia and dehydration. In patients with type 2 diabetes, this condition can occur due to factors such as insufficient insulin levels, hyperglycemia, and significant fluid loss.

Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is characterized by extremely elevated blood glucose levels that lead to a hyperosmolar state, causing cellular dehydration. The signs of confusion and blurred vision are also consistent with the neurological effects of severe hyperglycemia and dehydration. Dehydration exacerbates the hyperosmolar state, further impairing the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively and affecting cognitive function.

The other answer choices do not align as closely with the patient's presentation. While producing ketones due to fat metabolism can occur in diabetic ketoacidosis (more common in type 1 diabetes), it is not typical for patients with type 2 diabetes under the circumstances described. Similarly, although dehydration can lead to hyperglycemia, the presence of confusion and significant dehydration strongly points toward hyperosmolar nonketotic coma rather than just a secondary effect of dehydration. Being significantly acidotic and requiring bicarbonate treatment suggests an acidosis scenario that doesn’t match the symptoms, as